【高中英语】主谓一致备战高考英语一轮复习

　　现在各大高中高三年级一轮复习已经在进行中了，像英语这门语言类的学科想要学好只有多练多背，但是背也不能死记硬背，今天小编就给大家来一份全是技巧没有套路的干货，一定要看完！

　　一、语法一致原则

　　语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

　　1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

　　His father is working on the farm.

　　Time is money.

　　To finish all the work on time is impossible.

　　Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.

　　由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

　　What I bought were 3 English books.

　　What I say and do are helpful to you.

　　2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

　　Lucy and Lily are twins.

　　She and I are friends.

　　Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

　　The writer and artist has come.

　　由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Every student and every teacher was in the room.

　　No boy and no girl likes it.

　　3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。

　　Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

　　Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

　　She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

　　Each of us has a new book.

　　Everything around us is matter.

　　Neither of the texts is interesting.

　　None of us has been to South Africa.

　　5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。

　　He is one of my students who are working hard.

　　He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。

　　His family is a happy one.

　　The whole family are watching TV.

　　The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)

　　One third of the population here are workers.(人)

　　people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

　　7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。

　　The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

　　A lot of time is wasted.

　　A lot of people take part in the meeting.

　　2/3 water is drunk by him.

　　2/3 students are absent.

　　8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。

　　On the wall are many pictures.

　　Such is the result.

　　Such are the facts.

　　8.不定代词作主语

　　1）. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。

　　Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。

　　Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。

　　Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。

　　2）. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。

　　Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?

　　Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。

　　Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。

　　1．（2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

　　A．Are

　　B．was

　　C．Is

　　D．were

　　【答案】C

　　【详解】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为不定代词all，代指的是物。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。

　　【知识拓展】1. all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语动词用单数。

　　Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。

　　“All are present today, Mr Li.” answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。

　　2. all + of + 名词”时，若of后为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of后为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。

　　All of us like sports. 我们所有人都喜欢体育。

　　9. 动名词、不定式和从句作主语

　　动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。

　　Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。

　　To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。

　　What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。

　　2．The university estimates that living expenses for international students _________ around $8,450 per year, which _________ a burden for some of them.

　　A．are; is

　　B．is; are

　　C．is; is

　　D．are; are

　　【答案】A

　　【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：高校评估对于国际学生一年的生活花费大约8,450美元，对于一些人来说是有负担的。第一句话的主语是 living expenses为复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式，第二句话主语是主句陈述的内容，所以谓语动词应用单数，故选A。

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